French primate disaster
Mad Cow Disease Seen in French Zoos: NY Times
Backgrounder on plagues of biblical proportion, Armegeddon
Acknowledged cases of BSE in zoo animals
Endangered primates species and their breeding programs
Zoos in England and France
Which zoos hold which primates and how many?
See also (off-page or off-site):
...The Primate Gallery: comprehensive imagery
...Major primate web sites, primate newsletters Yerkes Center
...Zoos listed by country
...Mad Deer Disease (CWD): spread from a contaminated facility
30 Mar 99 PNAS journal article and webmaster opinionThe 30 Mar 99 issue of PNAS carries an explosive French study of very high experimental standards (plus a Nobel lauriate co-author) about BSE in primates in French zoos apparently acquired from BSE-tainted feed supplements through June, 1996. This is a huge scandal because it potentially affects the survival of many of the world's primate species. It also suggests very strongly that the nvCJD epidemic will indeed be a 'plague of of biblical proportions'. The primates showed contamination of the tonsils, esophagus, gastric glands, duodenum, walls of lymph and blood vessels, Peyer's patches, and spleen, in addition to dorsal and ventral root ganglian, spinal chord and brain. 14 of 26 non-experimental primates had neurological signs; 5/6 autopsies were positive, indicating very high dietary penetrance in a variety of primate genera and families. Shockingly, the British manufacturer had continued to manufacure and distribute this speciality product, possibly to hundreds of zoos on the Continent and possibly worldwide, for 10 years after zoo ungulates and carnivores were diagnosed in England. British zoos apparently continue to export carrier animals worldwide. In the same years, Prince Phillip was head of the World Wildlife Fund urging primate conservation across the world. Equally shocking, French zoos continued to use this feed despite knowning its contaminated source, even though nearly every one of the 234 species of primate is endangered in the wild, zoos are often used to sustain populations, and breeding facilities provide animals for human medical research. Only 8 French zoos and primate breeding facilities out of 89 agreed to cooperate with this study, which simply asked about primate neurological or unexplained deaths and dietary practices. A zoo in Lille acknowledged 3 primate deaths with TSE-like neurological illness. It is highly questionable not to autopsy [or save samples] from valuable animals with unexplained neurological deaths fed known BSE feed, yet this is a big step up from non-cooperation. It seems that French veterinary ethics have a similar standard to those of French medicine (AIDS and hepatitis). But is the problem limited to France and primates? Whose protein supplement did English zoos use for primates if not the local company's? Why would only French primates go down with TSE? The products are identified as "Singe 107, MP, or Marex." Singe 107 (UAR, Paris, France) was previously described as containing "products declared fit for human consumption." Note 'singe' is French for monkey, so this presumbably is a name for a monkey chow. The present article does not identify the companies by name but says, "according to the manufacturers, this food contained various items, including gross protein, fats, corn, soya, carob bean, alfalfa, minerals, yeast, vitamis A, C, D3, and E, and cracklings (the so-called 'fifth quarter of beef' suitable for human consumption) from the same French distributor. The British manufacturer 'which distributes nutritional supplements to zoos and animal breeding facilities through a French company [and possibly others in other countries]) announced in June, 1996 that it ceased to use beef in its nutritional supplements' which the authors take to mean that they had used beef prior to 'ceasing'. On 6 July 1996, an article appeared in Lancet documenting non-experimental transmission of BSE to primates (in a rhesus monkey that had died in 1992). The 79 primates of 11 species were feed 20-40 gm/kg of these feeds in addition to their usual fruits and vegetables. For a 60 kg human, this works out to 1200-2400 gm.
In July 1996, Bons et al. published that a rhesus monkey and two lemurs at the Montpellier zoo had died of TSE. Here they look at an additional 20 lemurs and macaques from 3 French zoos. The zoos had to kill these lemurs anyway because they were primate hybrids, now illegal in France. Two lemurs were symptomatic, 18 were not: all were definitely positive for prion disease.
Lemurs and macaques can live for 20+ years, so what this implies is that a great many primates in French zoos are not yet symptomatic but are slowly incubating BSE-based prion disease. We could ask whether French zoo and breeding facilities are thoroughly contaminated (like the ones in Colorado), whether only primates are affected, whether only French zoos are affected, whether food 'fit for human consumption' ended up in the human food chain, and indeed, wonder whether there is much of a species barrier at all to humans, given that 5 other species of primate have gone down with BSE via the oral route. We must ask for a long-overdue investigation on the primate situation in English zoos and breeding centres:
-- How many facilities have primates in England?
-- How many primates in English zoos have died of neurological disorder?
-- How many primates that were fed high risk chow and died with neurological symptoms were autopsied?
-- How many were fed this same chow?
-- How many primates from English zoos have been exported and to where?
-- Same questions for non-primates such as carnivores
30 Mar 99 NY Times By SANDRA BLAKESLEELarge number of monkeys and lemurs in French zoos appear to be infected with the agent that causes "mad cow disease," according to a provocative study published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Although it is not the first time the disease has been found in monkeys and lemurs, the extent of the infection is surprising, researchers said. When 18 apparently healthy lemurs were killed and their tissues examined, every single animal was infected with what looked like mad cow disease.
The finding is bad news for people living in Britain who fear that a human form of mad cow disease, called new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, or C.J.D., may have similar underpinnings.
For many years, zoo animals throughout Europe were fed protein supplements containing the rendered remains of British cattle, some of which carried a mysterious disease agent called an infectious prion.
A number of species that ate the tainted animal feed, including cats and hoofed animals, developed sponge-like holes in their brains and died in much the same way that British cattle were dying from mad cow disease. As a result, feed manufacturers stopped adding British beef to their products in 1996. [The first published fatality in a Briltish zoo animal was in 1986, ten years earlier. -- webmaster]
That year, Dr. NoÎlle Bons, a neurobiologist at Montpellier University in France reported that a rhesus monkey and two lemurs from the local zoo had died of a brain disease similar to mad cow disease. But a link to animal feed could not be proved.
In the study reported today, Dr. Bons and her colleagues fed a large portion of infected cattle brain to two young lemurs that had never before eaten meat. One animal received one dose, equivalent to a 154-pound person's eating a one- pound hamburger made entirely from cow brain. The second got two similar doses a couple months apart.
After five months, one animal showed "a loss in vitality" and was killed by its cage mates, Dr. Bons said. Researchers then killed the other lemur, and the tissues of both animals were examined for the presence of infectious prions.
Another 20 lemurs from three French zoos were also killed as part of a program to cull certain animals. Two showed subtle neurological symptoms but the other 18 looked completely normal. All had eaten animal feed containing British beef for many years. [Some of these animals originated in Madagascar and had never been in Britain -- they acquired the disease from a French monkey chow distributor of British beef BSE. -- webmaster] Finally, 3 young lemurs that had never eaten beef were also killed; they showed no signs of infectious prions, Dr. Bons said.
But the 2 animals intentionally infected and the 20 lemurs living in different zoos showed identical patterns of infection. In primates, the infection first takes hold in epithelial tissues of the gut, moves to tonsils, esophagus, lymph nodes and spleen and then spreads up the spinal cord to the brain, Dr. Bons said.
This is the first time that such a pattern has been shown in animals incubating a prion disease, said Dr. Paul Brown, a senior research scientist at the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in Bethesda, Md., and co-author of the paper. Dr. Bons said she suspected the pattern was typical of most prion diseases, called spongiform encephalopathies, found in many mammalian species.
Prion diseases take many years to spread, incubate and produce symptoms, but once symptoms appear the disease usually progresses swiftly and is always fatal. Thus far, 39 people in Britain and one Frenchman have died from new variant C.J.D., which most experts think is contracted from eating infected beef, particularly brain tissue
Reuters North America Mon, Mar 29, 1999PARIS - A new case of mad cow disease has been discovered in France, bringing to eight the number of cattle found this year to be suffering from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
The case is the 57th to be detected in France -- which has a total cattle herd of 21 million -- since health authorities began tracking the disease in 1990, the Agriculture Ministry announced Monday. The animal and the 156 others in its herd were destroyed over the weekend.
Farm Minister Jean Glavany has dismissed concerns about an outbreak in France, saying the number of fresh cases was small and should disappear after 2001. He told a news conference after the seventh case was reported this year that all the cases up to then could be traced back to events before late 1996, when tough controls were slapped on animal feed.
In the second half of 1996, France banned the use of animal nervous tissue, ground bone and certain organs in feed for pigs and poultry as well as cattle. There has been just one confirmed case in France of the deadly human form of mad cow disease, which is called new variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease and slowly eats away at the brain until its tissue looks like a sponge.
Tue, Mar 30, 1999 Reuter sBy Maggie Fox, Health and Science CorrespondentWASHINGTON - Researchers said Monday they had documented how the agent that causes mad cow disease gets from food into the brain. It travels from the digestive tract into the lymphatic system and from there into the brain, they reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. They also said they had shown, to no one's surprise, that primates -- the family that includes human beings -- can be infected with mad cow disease from food.
"It tells us that under natural conditions, natural including zoos, that primates can be infected. That doesn't come as a surprise," Paul Brown of the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke in Bethesda, Ma
ryland, said in a telephone interview. Mad cow disease, known officially as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), swept through British cattle herds in the 1980s. It was traced to feed made of the remains of sheep that had been infected with scrapie, their version of the disease. It is caused by a mutated version of a protein known as a prion, which is very resistant to destruction by cooking or chemicals.
At first British officials said there was no risk to people from eating beef, but now 39 people are known to have died from a human version of mad cow disease caught from infected beef. It is a close relative of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a naturally occurring disease that kills about one in a million people. No one knows what causes CJD, but the new version, known as new variant CJD or nvCJD, is blamed on infected beef.
Brown and colleagues at Montpellier University in France, reported several cases of a related disease in lemurs. Zoo animals fed the same supplements as British cattle are known to have died of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, which literally turn the brain into a sponge. Animals killed by the spongiform encephalopathies range from mink to antelope. Domestic cats have died of them, too.
The Montpellier team fed cattle brain to three lemurs -- two got two small meals containing the brains and one got a single meal with the brains. Lemurs fed the cattle brains had the abnormal prions in their tonsils, digestive tracts, spleen and lymph system, as well as in their spinal cords and brains, they reported. They said similar patterns were seen in 20 lemurs that had been fed beef protein made by a British company, two of which showed symptoms of the brain disease.
The pattern, they said, was clear -- the infection moves from the digestive tract to the lymphatic system, including the tonsils, then to the spinal cord and brain. "Our observations also show that even before (the abnormal prions) can be detected in the central nervous system in the pattern typical of terminal illness, it can be traced along nerve pathways ... through the spinal cord and into the brain cortex," they wrote. Such infections could be more widespread than anyone thought and they recommend close monitoring of zoo animals.
"This really documents, in great precision, a route by which the infectious agent enters the body from the mouth. This is all occurring early in the incubation period," Brown said. "To see the abnormal protein in the coverings of the mucus membranes of the gut and .. see how it transfers to the gut wall and gets into the spleen and goes from the spleen into the spinal cord and up the spinal cord into the brain is a very pretty picture of the route," he said.
Brown said the study explained why the infectious prions can be found in the tonsils of victims. "It is not because this is some heated-up variety (of CJD) but simply because it entered the body through the mouth. That's good news," he said. Because CJD has such a long incubation period in humans, Brown said it is still far to early to tell whether the nvCJD will cause a serious epidemic in Britain.
Tonsil tests will probably show who has CJD incubating in their bodies, Brown said, but he does not recommend doing them. "You tell me what good it would do," he said. All forms of CJD are incurable and always fatal.
30 Mar 99 King James BibleComment (webmaster): 'Plagues of biblical proportions' are used today for everything from computer viruses to melting icesheets. Collinge may have first introducedthis expression in the context of TSEs. In The London Times, 7 August 1997, he was quoted as saying [as noted by JR Blanchfield]:
"It is impossible to predict the size of the epidemic - it may only involve hundreds, but it could be Europe-wide and become a disaster of biblical proportions. We have to face the possibility of a disaster with tens of thousands of cases. We just don't know if this will happen, but what is certain is that we cannot afford to wait and see. We have to do something, right now... "
Let us begin by reviewing the biblical plagues themselves, then consider proportions. Many people would be thinking here of the ten plagues visited upon the Pharaoh of Egypt in the Book of Exodus rather than the seven in Revelation 15:1-16. Those plagues were blood, frogs, lice, flies, murrain, boils, hail, locust, darkness, and slaying of first born. Plagues #5 and #10 are the ones of special concern to us today.
Murrain , an old English word meaing 'a pestilence or plague affecting livestock such as anthrax or Texas fever of cattle', see Exodus 9: 1-7, is the most relevent though livestock were also explicitly affected by the boils, hail, lice, and indirectly through forage and drinking water availability by the locusts, frogs, and the Nile turned to blood.
The proportions of each plague are such that they affected the entire country of Egypt. Livestock were severely affected ['all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one. ' Exodus 9:6] The worst for people came later with the firstborn ['there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. ' Exodus 12:30. 'And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, ... and all the firstborn of beasts. Exodus 11:5]
So you can see from this that 'plagues of biblical proportions' have an element of modern parable in describing the BSE epidemic [murrain], the response of the English bureaucracy [Pharaohs], the young age of nvCJD victims [first-borns], and the passing over of strict vegetarians [Israelites]. There is irony too in the primate story breaking just at the Passover season.
Exodus 9: 1-7
1 Then the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him,
Thus saith the LORD God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they
may serve me.
2 For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still,
3 Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon thy cattle which is in the field,
upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and
upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.
4 And the LORD shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of
Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the children's of
Israel.
5 And the LORD appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the LORD shall
do this thing in the land.
6 And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt
died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.
7 And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the
Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not
let the people go.
The Armageddon scenario is sometimes used instead of plagues. That would be Revelation 16:16: 'And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue Armageddon.' This is really speaks to a battle to end all battles. There is no battle scenario developing in England -- very little money is being spent on nvCJD and most of that on old-fashioned topics. Not commensurately to catastrophic plausible risk. Too little, too late: one could look more to the Titanic or an ostrich with its head in the sand than to Armageddon for a comparison.
14 For they are the spirits of devils, working miracles, which go forth
unto the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to
the battle of that great day of God Almighty.
15 Behold, I come as a thief. Blessed is he that watcheth, and keepeth his
garments, lest he walk naked, and they see his shame.
16 And he gathered them together into a place called in the Hebrew tongue
Armageddon.
17 And the seventh angel poured out his vial into the air; and there came
a great voice out of the temple of heaven, from the throne, saying, It
is done.
18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a
great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so
mighty an earthquake, and so great.
19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the
nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to
give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.
20 And every island fled away, and the mountains were not found.
21 And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about
the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague
of the hail; for the plague thereof was exceeding great.
MAFF web siteConfirmed diagnoses of BSE transmitted to zoo animals 03 Mar 99
| kudu | 6 | all at London Zoo (3 never received animal protein, 2 were asymptomatic culls, 1 from Marwell) |
| gemsbok | 1 | Marwell Animal Park |
| nyala | 1 | Marwell Animal Park |
| oryx (1 Arabian, 1 scimitar) | 2 | 1 at London Zoo (Vet Rec 127: 418 1990) |
| eland | 6 | 1 at Port Lympne Zoo in Kent, 5 others by Apr 1990 [site undisclosed] |
| cheetah | 5* | Marwell Animal Park, 1 exported to Fota Wildlife Park Ireland, 1 to Perth Zoo, Australia, 1 to Safari de Peaugres.; Whipsnade Zoo, 1 exported to Safari de Peaugres, France (born in 1989). |
| puma | 3 | 1 at Chester zoo in 1991, 2 others undisclosed, found after Sep 94 |
| tiger | 2 | zoo not disclosed, cited in Apr 96 |
| ocelot | 2 | zoo not disclosed, not in Medline. post-Nov 1992 |
| EU bison | 1 | zoo not disclosed, not in Medline |
| ankole cow | 2 | zoo not disclosed, not in Medline |
| lion | 1 | Edinburgh zoo (unconfirmed), not in Medline |
| rhesus macque*** | 3 | Ravensden Zoo, 3 exported to Montpellier zoo |
| mouflin*** | 10 | Flock B animal imported from Belgium, facilities not identified, called scrapie |
| house cat | 85** |
The 23 August 1998 Iceland sympostium, Abstract P56, by JY Madec, A Pencsik, P Belli, C Vitaud, and Th. Baron: of the Centre Nation d'Etudes Veterinaaires et Alimentaire, Lyons, France.Note: C. Vitaud is at the Safari de Peaugres at Peaugres, France, suggesting that this facility received the sick cheetahs:
"A female cheetah (Actinonyx jubatus) born at Marwell Animal Park in Great Britain in April 1991 and exported to France at 2 years of age was diagnosed in our laboratory with a spongiform encephalopathy in July 1997. This is the second case of TSE in a cheetah imported from GB to France, that occured in the same zoologicial park as the first one [Baron et al, Vet Rec 141:270-271 1997]."The MAFF site states:
* Not included above are two cheetahs at zoos in Australia and the Republic of Ireland. Both were apparently litter mates and exported from Marwell zoo, where the cheetahs on lines 15 and 29 were born. Two cases in cheetahs were also confirmed in France, one in January 1997, in an animal born at Whipsnade zoo in 1989. Details are awaited for the second case, but it is reported to have been born in Britain.There seems to be only two zoos in the Republic of Ireland. One of them got a bad cheetah from Marwell. This would have been Fota. Note cheetahs are not fed pelleted rendered chows but "parts of cattle carcasses judged unfit for human consumption" [Vet Rec 1994 Sep 24;135(13):296-303]. Fota Wildlife Park, County Cork is "the world's leading breeder of this endangered species. Some10,000 cheetahs remain in their natural habitat. Also being bred at Fota is the scimitar horned oryx brought to the brink of extinction but being re-introduced in its native North Africa" (let's hope not ones from London Zoo RP). Dublin zoo seems to have snow leopards, not cheetahs.
According to MAFF
November 1986 ...Disease identified by Central Veterinary Laboratory 31 January 1990 Announcement that 5 antelopes have succumbed to a spongiform encephalopathy (greater kudu, Arabian oryx, eland, nyala and gemsbok. The last two were referred to in Southwood report, Southwood Report received by Ministers 9 February 1989, published 7 February 1989)
According to Medline The first published article implies MAFF chronology is off by 4 years in terms of what was known. The first cases in cattle were found in December 1984 and confirmed by September, 1986, contrary to the MAFF account. The second implies zoos initally lied to investigating scientists.
Vet Rec 1994 Sep 24;135(13):296-303 Kirkwood JK, Cunningham AASince 1986, scrapie-like spongiform encephalopathy has been diagnosed in 19 captive wild animals of eight species at or from eight zoological collections in the British Isles. The affected animals have comprised members of the family Bovidae: one nyala (Tragelaphus angasi), four eland (Taurotragus oryx), and six greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), one gemsbok (Oryx gazella), one Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), and one scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), and members of the family Felidae: four cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and one puma (Felis concolor). In addition, three cases of a spongiform encephalopathy of unknown aetiology have been reported in ostriches (Struthio camellus) from two zoos in north west Germany. [later disclaimed].
Vet Rec 1992 Apr 25;130(17):365-7 Kirkwood JK, Wells GA, Cunningham AA, Jackson SI, Scott AC, Dawson M, Wilesmith JWA 19-month-old greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), whose dam had died 15 months earlier with spongiform encephalopathy, required euthanasia after developing severe ataxia and depression with an apparently sudden onset. .... The animal was born nine months after the statutory ban on the inclusion of ruminant-derived protein in ruminant feeds and, as no other possible sources of the disease were apparent, it appears likely that the infection was acquired from the dam. [This was later withdrawn: animal had been feed BSE-protein after all]
Vet Rec 1990 Dec 15;127(24):586-8 Leggett MM, Dukes J, Pirie HM[This seems to be the first published confirmation of BSE in house cats. In October 1998 the simultaneous occurrence of spongiform encephalopathy in a man and his pet cat was reported from Italy in Lancet. This incident remains unexplained.]
The Primate Gallery features one of the BSE-lemurs as 'primate of the week':
| The black-and-white ruffed lemur is severely threatened by continued destruction of Madagascar's lowland eastern rain forests and also because it is heavily hunted and trapped for food throughout its range.. |
The ruffed lemur is found in a number of protected areas: the Mantady, Tanomafana and Verzanatsoro National Parks, the Angringitra, Betampona and Zahamena Nature Reserves, and the Ambatovaky, Analamazaotra and Nosy Mangave Special Reserves (Pollock, 1984; Nicoll and Langrand, 1989; Harcourt and Thornback, 1990; Morland , 1990, 1991; Mittermeier et al., 1992). However, levels of protection within these arease vary considerably. There are no population figures available, but a reasonable order of magniturde estimate would be 1,000-10,000 (Mittermeier et al., 1992).
The black-and-white ruffed lemur breeds very well in captivity. There are more than 400 animals in over 100 institutions worldwide (Olney and Ellis, 1992; ISIS, 1993). the Duke University Primate Center maintains the largest colony. Two pairs of captive born ruffed lemurs were recently returned to Madagascar from this institution and the San Antonio and San Diego Zoo (Katz, 1991).
Based on its low estimated population numbers and the fact that it is a popular target for hunters, Varecia variegata variegata was given a High Priority rating (5) in the IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group's Lemurs of Madagascar: An Action Plan for their Conservation (Mittermeierer et al., 1992). Using the latest IUCN Red List criteria, we place this subspecies in the Endangered category. If further research indicates that one or more of the named "subspecies" of the black-and-whie ruffed lemur (e.g., variegata, subcincta, editorum,) are valid, some of these would possibly enter the Critically Endangered category. Lesser Mouse Lemur Microcebus murinus image
Brown Lemur Eulemur fulvus image
Black Lemur Eulemur macaco image
Mongoose Lemur Eulemur mongoz image
Ring-tailed Lemur Lemur catta image
Lemurs of Madagascar Mittermeier, R.A.; Tattersall, I; Konstant, W.R; Meyers, D.M.; Mast, R.B. 1994. Conservation International, Washington, D.C. Lemurs of Madagascar is the first book in the Tropical Field Guide Series produced by Conservation International. The authors discuss the origins, discovery, study and conservation of Madagascar's lemur fauna, and provide in-depth profiles of each of the country's 50 species and subspecies. The guide is illustrated by Stephen Nash with 35 color plates, maps of the distribution of all species, and a series of 135 postural, locomotor and behavioral drawings to assist in field identification.
The World Conservation Monitoring Centre has a searchable database of threatened animals worldwide. Critically endangered primates:
| Species: | Allocebus trichotis |
| Common: | Allocebe (F), Chirogale aux oreilles poilues (F), Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur (E), Lemur orejipeludo (S) |
| Red List: | CR A1c, B1+2abc (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Eulemur macaco flavifrons |
| Common: | Sclater's Lemur (E) |
| Red List: | CR A1cd, B1+2bc (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Hapalemur aureus |
| Common: | Golden Bamboo Lemur (E), Golden Lemur (E), Hapal»mur dor» (F), Lemur cariancho (S) |
| Red List: | CR A2cd (Baillie, J.) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis |
| Common: | Alaotran Gentle Lemur (E) |
| Red List: | CR A2cd, B1+2c (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Hapalemur simus |
| Common: | Broad-nosed Gentle Lemur (E), Grand hapal»mur (F), Greater Bamboo Lemur (E), Hapal»mur simien (F), Lemur cariancho (S) |
| Red List: | CR A2cd (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Varecia variegata rubra |
| Red List: | CR A2cd, B1+2bc (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Propithecus diadema candidus |
| Red List: | CR A2cd, B1+2bc (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Propithecus diadema perrieri |
| Red List: | CR A2cd, B1+2c (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Propithecus tattersalli |
| Common: | Golden-crowned Sifaka (E), Indris sifaca (S), Tattersall's Sifaka (E) |
| Red List: | CR A2c, B1+2bcd (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Propithecus verreauxi coronatus |
| Red List: | CR B1+2bc, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Madagascar |
| Species: | Leontopithecus caissara |
| Common: | Black-faced Lion Tamarin (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a, D1 (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Leontopithecus chrysopygus |
| Common: | Black Lion Tamarin (E), Golden-rumped Lion Tamarin (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Leontopithecus rosalia |
| Common: | Golden Lion Tamarin (E), Singe-lion (F), Tamarin soyeux (F) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Alouatta belzebul ululata |
| Common: | Red-handed Howling Monkey (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Alouatta coibensis trabeata |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Panama |
| Species: | Alouatta fusca fusca |
| Common: | Northern Brown Howling Monkey (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a, D1 (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Ateles fusciceps fusciceps |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Ecuador |
| Species: | Ateles geoffroyi azuerensis |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Panama |
| Species: | Callicebus personatus barbarabrownae |
| Common: | Northern Bahian Blond Titi (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Cebus albifrons trinitatis |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Trinidad and Tobago |
| Species: | Cebus apella margaritae |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Venezuela |
| Species: | Cebus xanthosternos |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil |
| Species: | Lagothrix flavicauda |
| Common: | Singe laineux › queue jaune (F), Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Brazil, Ecuador (?), Peru |
| Species: | Lagothrix lagotricha lugens |
| Common: | Colombian Woolly Monkey (E) |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Colombia, Venezuela |
| Species: | Saimiri oerstedi citrinellus |
| Red List: | CR B1+2abcde, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Costa Rica |
| Species: | Macaca pagensis |
| Common: | Mentawai Macaque (E) |
| Red List: | CR A1cd+2c (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Indonesia |
| Species: | Procolobus badius waldroni |
| Common: | Miss Waldron's Bay Colobus (E) |
| Red List: | CR A1c (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana |
| Species: | Rhinopithecus avunculus |
| Common: | Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey (E) |
| Red List: | CR C1, E (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Viet Nam |
| Species: | Trachypithecus delacouri |
| Common: | White-rumped Black Lemur (E) |
| Red List: | CR A1d, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Viet Nam |
| Species: | Hylobates moloch |
| Common: | Gibbon cendr» (F), Gib¤n ceniciento (S), Javan Gibbon (E), Silvery Gibbon (E) |
| Red List: | CR A1c, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Indonesia |
| Species: | Gorilla gorilla S |
| Common: | Gorilla (E) |
| Red List: | CR A1c, C2a (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Cameroon, Nigeria |
| Species: | Gorilla gorilla beringei |
| Common: | Mountain Gorilla (E) |
| Red List: | CR C2b (Primate Specialist Group) |
| Distribution: | Rwanda, Uganda, Zaire |
30 Mar 99 webmaster: Zoonet and ISISThese zoos are only a partial list of 61 facilities (the article mentions contacting 90 facilities in France). Not all will house primates, though other mammals are of equal concern. Only a few are known to be affected by BSE. When animal holdings are give, the first number is the species count, the second individual animals.
France'Zoo' Parc d'Acclimatation Saint-Jean Cap-Ferrat Telephone : *1-31-56 Fax: African Safari 41 rue des Landes 31830 Plaisance du Touch Toulouse Telephone : 33-61-86-45-03 Fax: 33-61-06-70-18 Mammals: 10 31 Atlantide Parc Avenue de la Resistance 30270 Saint Jean du Gard Telephone : 33-66-85-32-32 Besancon zoo Museum de Besancon La Citadelle 25000 Besancon Doubs, France Tel: 33 381650743 6 lemurs confirmed with TSE Centre de Primatologie (CDP) Universite Louis Pasteur de Strasbourg Rue du Fort Foch Niederhausbergen F-67207 Telephone : 33-88-561268 Fax: 33-88-560230 Espace Zoologique de St. Martin la Plaine 42800 Rive de Gier Telephone : 33-77-75-18-68 Fax: 33-77-83-60-99 Mammals: 16 83 Espace Zoologique de la Boissiere du Dor F-44430 La Boissiere du Dore Telephone : 33-40-33-70-32 Fax: 33-40-33-75-15 Mammals: 35 250 holds lemurs Exotarium de Calcatoggio Chemin de Petra Nera 20111 Calcatoggio Telephone : 33-95-52-22-63 Fax: Foundation Cordama Pour la Protection Villa Cypres F-06190 Roquebrune, Cap Martin Jardin D'Oiseaux Tropicaux Quartier St. Honore 83250 La Londe Mammals: 90 420 Jardin Zoologique de la Ville de Lyon Parc de la Tete d'Or 69006 Lyon, Rhone Telephone : 33-78-89-16-02 Fax: Mammals: 69 520 Jardin aux Oiseaux Upie-26120 Chabeuil Telephone : 33-75-84-45-90 Fax: 33-75-843926 Mammals: 220 1000 La Foret des Singes [singe = monkeys] 46500 Rocamadour Telephone : 33-65-33-62-72 Fax: 33-65-38-86-82 La Vallee des Singes [singe = monkeys] Le Gureau 86700 Romagne Tel: 33 549 87 2020 holds lemurs La Montagne des Singes [singe = monkeys] Kintzheim 67600 Selestat Telephone : 33-88-92-11-09 Fax: 33-88-82-30-02 Mammals: 0 0 Reptiles: 0 0 Lisieux CERZA Desbiez 14100 Lisieux Tel: 33 231 621576 holds at least two species of lemurs Les Aigles de Provins ThÈ’tre des Remparts MARINE-PARC Rivesaltes Mas de la Garrigue 66600 Rivesaltes Telephone : 33-68-64-65-65 Marineland Antibes 306 Ave Mozart 06600 Antibes Telephone : 33-93-33-49-49 Fax: 33-93-33-38-65 Mammals: 5 48 Menagerie du Jardin des Plantes Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 3 Quai St-Bernard 75231 Paris, Cedex 05 Telephone : 33-1-4079-3794 Fax: 33-1-4079-3793 Mammals: 129 642 Oceanarium du Croisic Avenue de St Goustan 6 quai du Port Ciguet- B.P. 44 F-44490 Le Croisic Telephone : 33-40-230244 Fax: 33-40-232293 Mammals: 1 12 Parc Animalier de Cezalier F-63420 Ardes-sur-Couze Parc Animalier de Courzieu 69690 Courzieu Telephone : 33-74-70-96-10 Fax: 33-74-70-86-63 Mammals: 33 200 Parc Zoologique Champrepus Hotel Mahe F-50800 Champrepus Telephone : 33-33-61-30-74 Fax: 33-33-61-71-43 Mammals: 44 162 Parc Zoologique de Bois de Coulange Centre Thermal et Touristique 57360 Amneville Telephone : 33-87-70-25-60 Fax: 33-87-70-25-60 Mammals: 41 235 Parc Zoologique de Cleres - Fondation Jean Delacour Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 76690 Cleres Telephone : 33-35-33-23-08 Fax: 33-35-33-56-04 Mammals: 180 1140 Parc Zoologique de Doue-la Fontaine 49 700 Doue-la Fontaine Telephone : 33-41-59-1858 Fax: 33-41-59-2586 Mammals: 40 283 Parc Zoologique de Frejus 83600 Frejus Telephone : 33-94-40-70-65 Fax: 33-94-408992 Mammals: 55 230 PNAS paper reports 5 dead squirrel monkeys, one of which died with neurological signs in 1990. Parc Zoologique de La Fleche "Le Tertre Rouge" 72200 La Fleche, Sarthe Telephone : 33-43-94-04-55 Fax: 33-43-45-24-43 Mammals: 30 500 Parc Zoologique de Lille Avenue Mathias Delobel Lille 59800 Telephone : 33-20-57-3808 Fax: 33-20-57-3808 3 primates dead with neurological symptoms similar to TSE in Jan 96 Parc Zoologique de Lunaret 50 Avenue d'Agropolis 34090 Montpellier Telephone : 33-67-63-27-63 Fax: 33-67-41-45-57 Mammals: 80 508 A zoo identified as the "Montpellier Zoological Park" contained infected lemurs and rhesus monkeys. Parc Zoologique de Maubeuge Avenue du Parc Hotel de Ville 59600 Maubeuge Telephone : 33-27-65-15-73 Fax: 33-27-53-75-00 Parc Zoologique et Botanique 51 rue du jardin zoologique - 68200 Mulhouse Mulhouse, France TÈl : 03 89 31 85 10 - Fax 03 89 31 85 26 3 lemurs originating here now dead with neurological symptoms at Montpellier Maintains international studbook on Hylobates concolor, the crested gibbon. Parc Zoologique de Paris Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 53 avenue de Saint-Maurice F-75012 Paris Telephone : 33-1-44752000 Fax: 33-1-43435473 Mammals: 82 493 Parc Zoologique de Pont-scorff Kersamedy F-56620 Pont-Scorff Telephone : 33-97-32-60-86 Fax: 33-97-32-57-06 Mammals: 18 74 Parc Zoologique de Saint Augustine F-03320 Chateau/Allier Parc Zoologique de Saint Pourcain "Le Pal" F-03290 St-Pourcain/Besbre Telephone : 33-70-42-03-60 Fax: 33-70-42-01-52 Mammals: 30 -1 Parc Zoologique de Thoiry 78770 Thoiry Telephone : 33-1-34-87-52-25 Fax: 33-1-34-87-54-12 Mammals: 26 132 Parc Zoologique de la Ville D'Amiens 139 rue du Faubourg de Hem 80000 Amiens Telephone : 33-22-43-06-95 Fax: 33-22-443192 Mammals: 56 285 Parc Zoologique du Bois d'Attilly 77330 Ozoir-la-Ferriere Telephone : 33-60-02-70-80 Fax: Mammals: 150 450 Parc Zoologique du Chateau de Branfere 56190 Muzillac Telephone : 33-97-429466 Fax: 33-97-428122 Mammals: 93 -1 Parc Zoologique du Moulin de Richard Sarl 22590 Tregomeur St. Brieuc Telephone : 33-96-79-01-07 Fax: 33-967-932-42 Mammals: 20 176 Parc Zoologique et Botanique 51 rue du Jardin Zoologique F-68100 Mulhouse Telephone : 33-89-44-1744 Fax: 33-89-44-0806 Mammals: 60 339 Parc de Vision de Gramat Route de Cajarc F-46500 Gramat Telephone : 33-65-388122 Fax: Mammals: 99 577 Parc de la Haute Touche Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle La Haute Touche 36290 Obterre Telephone : 33-54-39-20-82 Fax: 33-54-39-24-33 Mammals: 17 -1 Parc des Cigognes F-68150 Hunawihr Telephone : 33-89737262 Fax: 33-89738125 Mammals: -1 200 Parc des Oiseaux 01330 Villars les Dombes Telephone : 33-74-98-05-54 Fax: 33-74-98-27-74 Mammals: 400 2000 Reserve Africaine de Sigean Route Nationale 9 11130 Sigean Telephone : 33-68-48-20-20 Fax: 33-68-48-80-85 Mammals: 80 1203 Rocher des Aigles F-46500 Rocamadour Telephone : 33-65-33-65-45 Fax: 33-65-33-69-06 Mammals: 40 300 Safari Africain la Chevallerie F-44710 Port-St-Pere Telephone : 33-40048282 Fax: 33-40048983 Mammals: 6 117 Safari de Peaugres 07340 Peaugres, Serrieres Telephone : 33-75-33-00-32 Fax: 33-756-778-75 Mammals: 25 86 holds lemurs. Also received 2 infected cheetahs from Marwell Animal Park. Sarl Zoo de Pietats Pietat 64800 Nay Telephone : 33-59-71-21-90 Fax: 33-59-71-01-55 Mammals: 2 56 Site Zoologique CERZA (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Zoologique Augeron) 14100 Hermival les Vaux Telephone : 33-31-62-17-22 Fax: 33-31-62-33-40 Mammals: 3 60 Strasbourg Zoo de l'Orangerie Orangerie 67 Strasbourg Telephone : 33-88-61-62-88 Fax: Mammals: 42 181 Touroparc - Parc zoologique La Maison Blanche Cidex 944 71570 Romaneche-Thorins Telephone : 33-85-35-51-53 Fax: 33-8535-5234 Mammals: 60 250 Verlhiac Primate Center Saint Chamassy F-24260 La Bugue Volerie-des-Aigles Chateau de Kintzheim 67600 Selestat Zoo Aquarium de la Barre des Monts ZA le Rampy 85550 La Barre des Monts Telephone : 33-51-68-51-62 Fax: Zoo Marin de St Jean de Monts Rue des Voleurs 85160 Saint Jean de Monts Telephone : 33-51-59-01-25 Fax: Zoo de Haye C/o G.E.C.N.A.L. Maison de la Nature et Ass. F-54840 Velaine-en-Haye Zoo de Jurques F-14260 Aunay-S/Odon Telephone : 33-31-77-80-58 Fax: 33-31-77-77-64 Mammals: 50 180 Zoo de La Palmyre B.P.08 17570 Royan, Les Mathes Telephone : 33-46-22-46-06 Fax: 33-46-236297 Mammals: 61 506 Zoo de Langoiran F-33550 Langoiran Zooparc de Beauval 41110 St. Aignan sur Cher Telephone : 33-5475-0556 Fax: 33-5432-6594 holds lemurs Zoorama Europeen de la Foret de Chize 79360 Villiers en Bois Telephone : 33-49-76-79-56 Fax: 33-49-76-79-37 Mammals: 28 96England It is hard to imagine how the primate problem could be any better in England than in France:Anglesey Sea Zoo Brynsiencyn Anglesey Gwynedd LL61 6TQ Telephone: 44-1-248-430-411 Fax: 44-1-248-430-213 Animal Gardens North End Mablethorpe Lincolnshire LN12 1QG Telephone: 44-1-507-473346 Fax: Mammals:...54...195 Aviary, Waddesdon Manor Waddesdon Manor Aylesbury, Bucks HP18 0JH Telephone: 44-1-296-651-211 Fax: 44-1-296-651-293 Mammals:...56...389 Banham Zoo Ltd. The Grove Mammals:...75...307 Basildon Zoo Vange Basildon SS16 4QA Essex Telephone: 44-1-268-553-985 Fax: Mammals:...51...270 Battersea Park Children's Zoo Battersea Park London SW11 4NJ Telephone: 44-1-81-871-7540 Fax: 44-1-81-871-7533 Beale Wildlife Gardens Church Farm Lower Basildon Reading, Berks. RG8 9NH Telephone: 44-1-734-845172 Fax: 44-1-734-845171 Mammals:...130...500 Birdland Zoo Gardens Riverside Bourton-on-the-Water Glos. GL54 2BT Telephone: 44-1-451-20-480 Fax: Mammals:...324...1247 Birdworld Holt Pound, nr Farnham Surrey GU10 4LD Telephone: 44-1-420-22140 Fax: 44-1-420-23715 Mammals:...218...983 Birmingham Nature Centre Pershore Road Birmingham B5 7RL Telephone: 44-1-21-472-7775 Fax: Mammals:...16...43 Blackpool Zoo Park East Park Drive Blackpool, Lancs. FY3 8PP Telephone: 44-1-253-765027 Fax: 44-1-253-798884 Mammals:...53...247 Blair Drummond Safari and Leisure Park Blair Drummond Nr Stirling FK9 4UR, Scotland Telephone: 44-1-786-841-456 Fax: 44-1-786-841-491 Mammals:...12...83 Brent Lodge Park Animal Centre C/O London Borough of Ealing 14/16 Uxbridge Road London W5 2BP Telephone: 44-181-579-2424 Fax: 44-181-579-5453 Bristol Zoo Gardens (Bristol, Clifton, & West of England Zoological Society) Bristol BS8 3HA Telephone: 44-1-179-706-176 Fax: 44-1-179-736-814 Mammals:...91...322 Camperdown Country Park Coupar Angus Road Dundee DO2 4TF, Scotland Telephone: 44-1-382-432-689 Fax: 44-1-382-432-660:...# Species...# Mammals:...59...226 Carrick Green Wildlife Park 3 Taylors Road Stotfold Hitchin, Hertfordshire SG5 4AZ Telephone: 44-1-462-834-788 Fax: Cat Survival Trust The Centre Codicote Road Welwyn, Herts. AL6 9TU Telephone: 44-1-43871-6478 Fax: 44-1-43871-7535 Mammals:...18...99 Chessington Zoo Leatherhead Road Chessington Surrey KT9 2NE Telephone: 44-1-372-729560 Fax: 44-1-372-725050 Mammals:...45...98 Chester Zoo (The North of England Zoological Society) Upton-by-Chester Cheshire CH2 1LH Telephone: 44-1-244-380-280 Fax: 44-1-244-371-273 Mammals:...202...1052 Chestnut Centre Conservation Park Castleton Road Chapel-en-le-Frith Derbyshire SK12 6PE Telephone: 44-1-298-814-099 Fax: 44-1-298-816-213 City of Belfast Zoo Hazlewood, Antrim Road Belfast BT36 7PN Northern Ireland Telephone: 44-1-232-776-277 Fax: 44-1-232-370578 Mammals:...68...383 Colchester Zoo Stanway Hall Maldon Road Colchester, Essex CO3 5SL Telephone: 44-1-206-331-292 Fax: 44-1-206-331-392 Mammals:...49...170 Combe Martin Wildlife Park Higher Leigh Manor Combe Martin, North Devon Telephone: Fax: Cornwall Animal World Trenance Park Newquay, Cornwall TR7 2LZ Telephone: 44-1637-873342 Fax: 44-1637-851315 Cotswold Wildlife Park Burford, Oxon. OX18 4JW Telephone: 44-1-99-382-3006 Fax: 44-1-99-382-3807 Mammals:...117...451 Cricket St. Thomas Wildlife & Leisure Park Cricket St Thomas Chard, Somerset TA20 4DD Telephone: 44-1-460-30755 Fax: 44-1-460-30668 Mammals:...58...378 Curraghs Wildlife Park Ballaugh Ramsey Isle of Man IN7 5EA Telephone: 44-1-624-897-323 Fax: Mammals:...97...300 Dartmoor Wildlife Park Sparkwell, nr Plymouth Devon PL7 5DG Telephone: 44-1-752-837-645 Fax: 44-1-752-837-209 Mammals:...59...478 Drayton Manor Park & Zoo Nr Tamworth, Staffs. B78 3TW Telephone: 44-1-827-287979 Fax: 44-1-827-288916 Mammals:...18...38 Drusillas Zoo Park Alfriston Sussex BN26 5QS Telephone: 44-1-323-870656 Fax: 44-1-323-870846 Mammals:...49...169 Dudley Zoo Dudley and West Midlands Zoological Society 2, The Broadway Dudley, W Midlands DY1 4QB Telephone: 44-1-384-252401 Fax: 44-1-384-456048 Mammals:...72...391 Edinburgh Zoo Corstorphine, Scotland, UK Exmoor Animal & Bird Gardens South Stowford Bratton Fleming Barnstaple, Devon EX31 4SG Telephone: 44-1-598-763352 Fax: 44-1-598-763352 Mammals:...52...245 Flamingo Gardens and Zoological Park Weston Underwood Olney, Bucks. Telephone: 44-1-234-711451 Fax: Mammals:...175...800 Flamingo Land Kirby Misperton Malton, Yorks. YO17 0UX Telephone: 44-1-65-386-287 Fax: 44-1-65-386-280 Mammals:...63...348 Gatwick Zoo Russ Hill Charlwood, Surrey RH6 0EG Telephone: 44-1-293-862312 Fax: 44-1-293-862550 Glasgow Zoo Calderpark Uddington Glasgow G71 7RZ Scotland Telephone: 44-1-41-771-1185 Fax: 44-1-41-771-2615 Mammals:...10...41 Haigh Mini Zoo Haigh Country Park Wigan WN2 1PE Telephone: 44-1-942-832-895 Fax: Hamerton Wildlife Centre Hamerton Huntingdon, Cambs. PE17 5RE Telephone: 44-1-832-293-362 Fax: 44-1-832-293-677 Mammals:...104...300 Harewood Bird Garden Harewood Estate Leeds W Yorkshire LS17 9LQ Telephone: 44-1-532-886-238 Fax: 44-1-532-886-238 Mammals:...109...520 Hawk Conservancy Weyhill, nr Andover Hants. SP11 8DY Telephone: 44-1-264-773850 Fax: 44-1-264-773772 Mammals:...70...250 Highland Wildlife Park (Royal Zoological Society of Scotland) Kincraig, Kingussie Inverness-shire PH21 1NL Telephone: 44-1-540-651270 Fax: 44-1-540-651236 Mammals:...24...93 Howletts Wild Animal Park Bekesbourne, nr Canterbury Kent Telephone: 44-1-227-72-1286 Fax: 44-1-303-72-1853 Mammals:...3...5 Int. Fdt. Cons. & Dev. of Wildf. C/o HJS Consultant Services 71 Grosvenor Rd., Langley Vale Epsom Downs, Surrey KT18 6JF Telephone: 44-1-372-271515 Fax: 44-1-372-271818:...# Species...# Mammals:...1...107 Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust Les Augres Manor Trinity Jersey JE3 5BF Channel Islands Telephone: 44-1-534-864666 Fax: 44-1-534-865161 Mammals:...33...578 Jersey Zoo Jersey Island, UK Knowsley Safari Park Prescot, Merseyside L34 4AN Telephone: 44-1-51-430-9009 Fax: 44-1-51-426-3677 Mammals:...0...0 Lakeland Wildlife Oasis Hale Milnthorpe, Cumbria LA7 7EW Telephone: 44-1539-563-027 Fax: Linton Zoological Gardens Hadstock Road Linton, Cambs. CB1 6NT Telephone: 44-1-223-891-308 Fax: 44-1-223-891-077 Mammals:...41...96 Liverpool Museum Aquarium & Vivarium National Museums & Galleries on Merseyside William Brown St. Liverpool L3 8EN Telephone: 44-151-207-0001 Fax: 44-151-478-4390 Mammals:...0...0 London Zoo Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY Telephone: 44-1-71-722-3333 Fax: 44-1-71-586-5743 Mammals:...262...884 Manor House Wildlife & Leisure Park St. Florence Tenby, Dyfed Wales SA70 8RJ Telephone: 44-1-646-651-201 Fax: 44-1-646-651-201 Marwell Zoological Park Colden Common Winchester, Hampshire, SO21 1JH Telephone: 44-1-962-777407 Fax: 44-1-962-777511 email: http://www.marwell.org.uk/contacts.htm Mammals:...45...169 including 15 species of primates 28 June 1986 TSE confirmed in nyala 22 June 1987 case of SE in a gemsbok 2 BSE cheetahs born on site confirmed, 3 exported to foreign countries. Mole Hall Wildlife Park Widdington, nr Saffron Walden Newport, Essex CB11 3SS Telephone: 44-1-799-540-400 Fax: Mammals:...32...-1 Totals:...59...-1 Monkey Sanctuary Looe, Cornwall PL13 1NZ Telephone: 44-1-50-36-2532 Fax: Mammals:...1...2 Natureland Seal Sanctuary North Parade Skegness, Lincs. Telephone: 44-1-754-764345 Fax: Mammals:...18...131 New Forest Butterfly Farm Norfolk Wildlife Centre and Country Park Great Witchingham Norwich, Norfolk NR9 5QS Telephone: 44-1-603-872-274 Fax: Mammals:...40...282 Owl Centre Muncaster Castle Ravenglass, Cumbria CA18 1RQ Telephone: 44-1-229-717393 Fax: 44-1-229-717107 Mammals:...48...192 Paignton Zoo Totnes Road Paignton, Devon TQ4 7EU Telephone: 44-1-803-557479 Fax: 44-1-803-523457 Mammals:...146...675 Palacerigg Country Park Cumbernauld Scotland G67 3HU Telephone: 41-1-236-720-047 Fax: Paradise Wildlife Park Glanmor House Hayle, Cornwall TR27 4RY Telephone: 44-1-736-753-365 Fax: 44-1-736-756438 Mammals:...145...514 Penscynor Wildlife Park Cilfrew Neath Glam., SA10 8LF, S Wales Telephone: 44-1-639-642189 Fax: 44-1-639-635152 Mammals:...87...317 Port Lympne Wildlife Park Lympne Hythe, Kent Telephone: 44-1-303-264-647 Fax: 44-1-303-264-944 Identified in 15 Mar 1990 Nature as where a BSE eland died Ravensden zoo Northants, UK Source of 3 rhesus monkeys that later died of TSE in Montpellier, France Riber Castle Wildlife Park Riber Castle Matlock, Derbyshire DE4 5JU Telephone: 44-1-629-582073 Fax: Mammals:...24...160 Ridgeway Trust for Endangered Cats 7 Parkwood Road Hastings, East Sussex TN34 2RN Telephone: 44-1-424-752145 Fax: Robin Hill Country Parks Ltd. Combley Farm Downend Newport, Isle of Wight Telephone: 44-1-983-527352 Fax: Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Scottish National Zoological Park Murrayfield Edinburgh, Scotland Mammals:...53...482 Shaldon Wildlife Trust Ltd. Ness Drive Shaldon, nr. Teignmouth South Devon TQ14 0HP Telephone: 44-1-626-872234 Fax: 44-1-626-872234 Mammals:...5...10 Smestow Water Mill & Wildlife Centre Heath Mill Road Wombourne, W Midlands WV5 8AP Telephone: 44-1-902-898-213 Fax: South Lakes Wild Animal Park Crossgates Dalton-in-Furness Cumbria LA15 8JR Telephone: 44-1229-466086 Fax: 44-1229-466086 Southport Zoo and Conservation Centre Princes Park Southport Merseyside PR8 1RX Telephone: 44-1704-538102 Fax: 44-1704-548529 Mammals:...60...193 Stagsden Bird Gardens Stagsden Bedford MK43 8SL Telephone: 44-1-234-822745 Fax: Mammals:...149...644 Stratford Upon Avon Butterfly Farm and Jungle Safari The Tramway, Swans Nest Lane Stratford Upon Avon CV37 7LS Telephone: 44-1-789-299288 Fax: 44-1-789-415878 Mammals:...5...20 Suffolk Wildlife Park Whites Lane Kessingland, nr Lowestoft Suffolk NR33 7TF Telephone: 44-1-502-740291 Fax: 44-1-502-741104 Mammals:...17...35 Thrigby Hall Wildlife Gardens Thrigby Hall, Filby Great Yarmouth Norfolk NR29 3DS Telephone: 44-1-493-369-477 Fax: 44-1-493-368-256 Mammals:...39...108 Tropical Bird Gardens Rode, Bath BA3 6QW Telephone: 44-1-373-830326 Fax: Mammals:...230...1200 Tropical World Canal Gardens Roundhay Park Leeds LS8 1DF Telephone: 44-1132-661850 Fax: 44-1132-370077 Twycross Zoo East Midlands Zoological Society Ltd Twycross, Atherstone Warwicks. CV9 3PX Telephone: 44-1-827-880250 Fax: 44-1-827-880700 Mammals:...70...222 University Marine Biological Station Millport Isle of Cumbrae KA28 0EG Telephone: 44-1-475-530581 Fax: 44-1-475-530601 Welsh Mountain Zoo (Zoological Society of Wales) Colwyn Bay Clwyd. LL28 5UY, Wales Telephone: 44-1-492-532938 Fax: 44-1-492-530498 Mammals:...30...94 West Midland Safari Park Spring Grove Bewdley, Worcs. DY12 1LF Telephone: 44-1-299-402-114 Fax: 44-1-299-404-519 Mammals:...4...20 Whipsnade Wildlife Park Whipsnade Dunstable, Beds. LU6 2LF Telephone: 44-1-582-872171 Fax: 44-1-582-872649 Mammals:...74...749 Exported cheetah to Safari de Peaugres, France, diagnosed in January 1997, born at Whipsnade zoo in 1989 Wildfowl & Wetlands Centre Mill Road Arundel, W Sussex BN18 9PB Telephone: 44-1-903-883-355 Fax: Mammals:...70...754 Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust District 15 Washington Tyne & Wear NE38 8LE Telephone: 44-1-91-4165454 Fax: 44-1-91-416-5801 Mammals:...96...1172 Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Castle Espie Ballydrain Road Comber, Co. Down BT23 6AE Telephone: 44-1247-874146 Fax: 44-1247-873857 Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Canolfan Llanelli Centre, Penclacwydd Llwynhendy, Llanelli Dyfed SA14 9SH, Wales Telephone: 44-1-554-741087 Fax: Mammals:...97...1132 Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Martin Mere Burscough, nr Ormskirk Lancs. L40 OTA Telephone: 44-1-704-895181 Fax: 44-1-704-892343 Mammals:...102...1000 Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust National Centre Slimbridge Gloucester GL2 7BT Telephone: 44-1-453-890-333 Fax: 44-1-453-890-827 Mammals:...113...3078 Woburn Abbey Deer Park Woburn Milton Keynes Beds. MK17 9PQ Telephone: 44-1-525-290666 Fax: 44-1-525-290271 Mammals:...0...0 Woburn Safari Park Woburn Park, Beds. MK17 9QN Telephone: 44-1-525-290407 Fax: Mammals:...5...31 Yorkshire Dales Falconry and Conservation Centre Crows Nest, Near Giggleswick, Settle North Yorkshire LA2 8AS Telephone: 44-1-729-822-832 Fax: 44-1-729-825-160
This can be determined more or less from the World Zoo Organization on a species-by-species basis. Which zoos hold which primates and how many?
For example, the BSE-affected species, Lemur catta, is found at 196 facilites holding a total of 565 females, 519 males, 1489 not specified and 154 recent births. The 54 genera of primate may be searched for the zoos that hold them; from that database, the total holdings of particular zoos can be reconstructed:
53 Primate Genera Held by Zoos
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